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As summer temperatures soar across the country, heatwaves are becoming increasingly frequent and intense—posing serious health risks, especially for the elderly, children, and those with chronic illnesses. From mild dehydration to life-threatening heatstroke, the impact of extreme heat on the human body can be swift and severe.
“Heatwaves are prolonged periods of excessive heat, often with high humidity, that can severely impact health,” explains Dr. Sanjay Dhall, Senior Director, Internal Medicine, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Shalimar Bagh. “They can lead to dehydration, heat exhaustion, and even life-threatening heatstroke.”
How Heat Affects the Body
Our bodies naturally regulate temperature through sweating, but when exposed to excessive heat for extended periods, this system can be overwhelmed. This can cause a cascade of symptoms—some mild, others dangerous.
“During a heatwave, the body’s natural cooling system may not cope well, leading to dehydration, dizziness, confusion, or even unconsciousness,” warns Dr. Shiba Kalyan Biswal, Clinical Director – Pulmonology, Marengo Asia Hospitals, Gurugram. “The elderly, children, outdoor workers, and those with chronic conditions are especially vulnerable.”
Common symptoms of heat-related illnesses include:
Extreme weakness, drowsiness, headache, and nausea
Heat exhaustion, marked by fatigue and reduced urine output
Heat cramps or muscle spasms
In extreme cases, heatstroke, which can result in unconsciousness or high-grade fever
If not treated promptly, these conditions can escalate quickly. “It is crucial to take these early signs seriously,” adds Dr. Dhall. “If someone experiences discomfort, dizziness, or fever during extreme heat, they must seek medical attention immediately.”
Precautionary Tips to Beat the Heat
Experts agree that prevention is the best way to protect yourself during a heatwave. Here are their top recommendations:
Avoid Peak Sun Hours:
“Try to stay indoors between 11 AM to 4 PM, when the sun is at its harshest,” advises Dr. Biswal.
Stay Hydrated:
“Drink plenty of water and fluids throughout the day, even if you’re not thirsty,” says Dr. Dhall. “Avoid alcohol and caffeinated beverages as they can dehydrate you.”
“Eat more fruits and salads—they help keep you hydrated,” says Dr. Dhall. “Avoid oily, heavy, and spicy foods during this time.”
Dress Smart:
“Wear light-colored, loose-fitting cotton clothing,” suggests Dr. Biswal. “Don’t forget sunscreen, hats, sunglasses, and an umbrella if you step outside.”
Keep Your Environment Cool:
“Use fans, coolers, or ACs where possible, and keep curtains drawn during the day to block direct sunlight,” says Dr. Biswal.
Time Your Activities:
“If you must exercise, do it in the early morning or late evening,” recommends Dr. Dhall.
Know When to Seek Help:
If you or someone around you shows signs of confusion, fainting, or fever, don’t wait. These could be signs of heatstroke, and immediate medical care is crucial.
As temperatures climb, a proactive approach is your best defense. By staying cool, hydrated, and alert to warning signs, you can avoid the worst effects of the heat—and help those around you do the same.
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